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QuizTraffic rulesChina

This interesting quiz helps you test your knowledge in a clear and visual way. With easy multiple-choice questions, you can quickly build confidence and learn new facts while keeping it simple, interactive, and fun.

Traffic signs
Traffic rules
China
True/false 17 China 20 Car controls 109 Dashboard lights 40 Priority rules 9 Pedestrians 19 Cyclists 20 Show all 587
What should you do if oncoming headlights dazzle you at night?

301. What should you do if oncoming headlights dazzle you at night?

✓ Slow down and look toward the edge of your lane.
Look briefly at the headlights to judge their position.
Maintain your speed until the vehicle has passed.
Turn on your interior lights to reduce the glare.

Bright headlights can reduce your vision. Avoid staring at them, slow down if needed, and use the road edge or lane markings to guide you safely.

Oncoming headlights dazzling a driver at night
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do before crossing behind a bus or large vehicle?

302. What should you do before crossing behind a bus or large vehicle?

✓ Wait until you have a clear view of the road.
Stay close behind the vehicle while crossing.
Cross if the nearest traffic lane appears clear.
Cross as soon as the vehicle has stopped.

Large vehicles can block your view and hide you from drivers. Wait until you can clearly see the road before crossing.

Pedestrian preparing to cross behind a bus
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

303. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Air recirculation.
Rear window demister.
✓ Air conditioning.
Fan speed.

The A/C symbol controls the vehicle's air-conditioning system. Air conditioning can cool and dehumidify the air inside the vehicle, which can also help clear mist from the windows.

Air-conditioning control with the A/C symbol
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you expect when lanes become narrower in roadworks?

304. What should you expect when lanes become narrower in roadworks?

✓ Less space between your vehicle, barriers, and other traffic.
The speed limit automatically increases.
Temporary lane markings no longer need to be followed.
All vehicles must drive in the centre of the lane.

Narrow lanes leave less room for error. Keep a steady position, avoid drifting toward barriers or nearby vehicles, and reduce speed if necessary.

Narrow traffic lanes through roadworks
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if the windscreen wipers stop working during heavy rain?

305. What should you do if the windscreen wipers stop working during heavy rain?

✓ Reduce speed and stop in a safe place as soon as possible.
Continue slowly using the hazard lights.
Open a side window and continue driving carefully.
Use the washer fluid repeatedly to clear the windscreen.

Do not continue when you cannot see clearly. Slow down smoothly and stop somewhere protected from traffic.

Windscreen wipers failing during heavy rain
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if visibility is reduced by fog?

306. What should you do if visibility is reduced by fog?

Use hazard lights instead of normal headlights.
Use main beam to see further through the fog.
Follow the vehicle ahead closely as a guide.
✓ Slow down and use the correct lights.

Fog makes it harder to see and be seen. Reduce speed, increase following distance, and use the correct lights.

Fog reducing visibility on a road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which signs may indicate that you are becoming too tired to drive safely?

307. Which signs may indicate that you are becoming too tired to drive safely?

✓ Yawning, heavy eyelids, and difficulty concentrating.
Feeling hungry and slightly thirsty.
Wanting to adjust the cabin temperature.
Feeling comfortable and relaxed.

Warning signs of driver fatigue can include repeated yawning, heavy eyelids, difficulty concentrating, wandering thoughts, and trouble maintaining a steady road position. These signs mean you should stop and rest before continuing.

Driver showing signs of fatigue
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if the oil-pressure warning light stays on?

308. What should you do if the oil-pressure warning light stays on?

Increase the engine speed until the light goes out.
Add engine oil while the engine is still running.
✓ Stop safely, switch off the engine, and seek assistance.
Continue slowly until you reach a service station.

Low oil pressure can quickly cause severe engine damage. Stop as soon as it is safe, switch off the engine, and investigate the cause before continuing.

Oil-pressure warning illuminated on the dashboard
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if a tyre-pressure warning appears and handling changes?

309. What should you do if a tyre-pressure warning appears and handling changes?

Continue until the warning light goes out by itself.
Brake firmly to test whether the tyre still has grip.
✓ Reduce speed and stop safely to check the tyres.
Release air from the other tyres to balance the pressure.

A pressure loss or damaged tyre can affect steering and braking. If the tyre-pressure warning appears together with a change in handling, it may indicate a serious tyre problem. Stop safely and inspect the tyres before continuing.

Tyre-pressure warning and a tyre inspection
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does the resume function of cruise control normally do?

310. What does the resume function of cruise control normally do?

Applies the brakes automatically.
Switches cruise control off completely.
✓ Returns the vehicle to the previously set cruising speed.
Sets the vehicle's current speed as a new limit.

The resume function normally returns the vehicle to the previously set cruise-control speed after the system has been temporarily disengaged. The driver should use it only when traffic and road conditions are suitable.

RES button for resuming the stored cruising speed
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Should the legal alcohol limit be treated as a safe target?

311. Should the legal alcohol limit be treated as a safe target?

Yes, if you feel completely sober.
Yes, because impairment begins only above the limit.
✓ No, impairment can begin before the legal limit is reached.
Yes, when driving only a short distance.

A legal limit is an enforcement threshold, not a recommended drinking level. Even a small amount of alcohol can affect driving performance.

Alcohol consumption and the limits of safe driving
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if you have taken drugs that may impair your driving?

312. What should you do if you have taken drugs that may impair your driving?

Drive only on familiar roads.
Drive slowly and avoid motorways.
✓ Do not drive.
Drink coffee before driving.

Drugs can impair judgement, coordination, concentration, and reaction time. Their effects can be unpredictable and may continue after you feel that the main effects have passed. Do not drive while impaired.

Drug impairment and the decision not to drive
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Where should you change a wheel after a puncture?

313. Where should you change a wheel after a puncture?

✓ On firm, level ground well away from moving traffic.
On a slight slope if the parking brake is applied.
Where the puncture occurred, as long as the hazard lights are on.
As close to moving traffic as possible to keep off the verge.

The vehicle must be stable and protected from traffic. Apply the parking brake and follow the manufacturer's wheel-changing instructions.

Wheel change on firm ground away from traffic
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Where should passengers get in or out of a vehicle when possible?

314. Where should passengers get in or out of a vehicle when possible?

From the rear door nearest the centre of the road.
Through whichever door opens first.
From the driver's side in every situation.
✓ On the side away from moving traffic.

Passengers should get in or out on the side away from moving traffic whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, who may not recognise approaching traffic or other road users. Before opening any door, check that it is safe.

Passenger leaving a vehicle on the side away from traffic
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

315. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Front windscreen demister.
Rear window demister.
Air recirculation.
✓ Windscreen washer.

This symbol indicates the windscreen washer. Operating the control sprays washer fluid onto the windscreen and normally activates the wipers to help clean the glass.

Windscreen-washer control and spray symbol
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if an animal is standing on the road at night?

316. What should you do if an animal is standing on the road at night?

✓ Slow down and be prepared to stop.
Drive around it immediately without slowing down.
Switch off your headlights as you approach.
Flash your headlights repeatedly to make it move.

Animals may freeze, turn back, or move unpredictably when caught in vehicle headlights.

Animal standing on a road at night
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if another vehicle is signalling to turn?

317. What should you do if another vehicle is signalling to turn?

Pull out because the vehicle will turn.
✓ Do not rely on the signal alone, proceed only when it is safe.
Use your horn and proceed immediately.
Enter the road before the vehicle reaches you.

An indicator shows an intention, but it does not guarantee that the driver will turn. The signal may have been left on accidentally or the driver's intentions may change. Observe the vehicle's speed and position and proceed only when you are sure it is safe.

Another vehicle signalling to turn
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Rain can reduce tyre grip and increase stopping distance.

318. Rain can reduce tyre grip and increase stopping distance.

False.
✓ True.

Wet roads reduce traction, so your vehicle may need more distance to stop safely.

Vehicle travelling on a wet road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do before driving away after charging an electric vehicle?

319. What should you do before driving away after charging an electric vehicle?

Leave the cable connected until the vehicle starts moving.
✓ Disconnect the charging cable and secure it properly.
Leave the charging flap open so it can cool.
Drive forward slowly to disconnect the plug.

Before driving away, disconnect the charging cable correctly and return it to the charger or store it securely in the vehicle, as appropriate. Close the charging port and check that the area around the vehicle is clear.

Disconnecting an electric vehicle after charging
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should a disabled vehicle be towed?

320. How should a disabled vehicle be towed?

With nobody controlling the disabled vehicle.
✓ Use approved towing points and a method permitted by local rules.
Without checking the steering or brakes.
By attaching a rope to the bumper.

Incorrect towing can damage the vehicle or cause loss of control. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and local rules, and use professional recovery when the correct procedure is uncertain.

Disabled vehicle being towed
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

321. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

Engine-temperature warning.
✓ Low windscreen washer fluid.
Windscreen demister active.
Low coolant level.

This symbol indicates that the windscreen washer fluid level is low. Refill the washer-fluid reservoir with suitable fluid when possible.

Low washer-fluid warning symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Should motorcyclists wear protective clothing?

322. Should motorcyclists wear protective clothing?

Yes, but only when riding on motorways.
No, protective clothing is only needed in bad weather.
No, it is only useful when riding at high speeds.
✓ Yes, it can reduce injuries from falls and contact with the road.

Motorcyclists should wear protective clothing because it can reduce injuries from falls, impacts and sliding on the road. Suitable jackets, trousers, gloves and boots provide additional protection, but they do not replace a securely fitted helmet or safe riding.

Motorcyclist wearing protective riding clothing
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should cyclists brake on a wet road?

323. How should cyclists brake on a wet road?

Brake sharply once you are close to stopping.
Use only one brake to avoid skidding.
Brake normally because wet roads do not affect grip.
✓ Brake earlier and more gradually than usual.

Wet surfaces reduce grip and increase stopping distance. Smooth, early braking helps prevent skidding.

Cyclist braking on a wet road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if illness affects your ability to drive safely?

324. What should you do if illness affects your ability to drive safely?

Drive only if the journey is short.
Open a window to help you stay alert.
Ask a passenger to watch the road for you.
✓ Do not drive until you are fit to do so.

Illness can reduce concentration, alertness, coordination, or reaction time. If you do not feel fit to drive safely, postpone the journey or use another form of transport.

Driver feeling unwell before a journey
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if exhaust fumes begin entering the car?

325. What should you do if exhaust fumes begin entering the car?

Switch the ventilation to recirculation and keep driving.
✓ Open the windows, stop safely, leave the vehicle, and seek assistance.
Turn up the heater to clear the fumes.
Open the windows and continue to your destination.

Exhaust gases may contain carbon monoxide, which is poisonous and may not be visible. The exhaust system should be inspected before the vehicle is used again.

Vehicle exhaust fumes and cabin ventilation
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when driving on icy roads?

326. What should you do when driving on icy roads?

✓ Drive slowly and avoid sudden braking, steering, or acceleration.
Follow the vehicle ahead more closely for guidance.
Maintain normal speed if the road appears clear.
Brake firmly before bends to reduce speed.

Ice greatly reduces tyre grip. Drive gently, keep extra distance, and avoid sudden movements that could cause a skid.

Vehicle travelling on an icy road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why is it dangerous to cross between parked cars?

327. Why is it dangerous to cross between parked cars?

You cannot hear approaching traffic between cars.
Pedestrians lose priority when crossing between cars.
Traffic always moves faster beside parked cars.
✓ Drivers may not see you or expect you to cross.

Parked vehicles can block the view between pedestrians and drivers. This makes it harder to see approaching traffic and harder for drivers to see you.

Pedestrian crossing between parked cars
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if a motorcycle helmet visor is badly scratched?

328. What should you do if a motorcycle helmet visor is badly scratched?

✓ Replace it before riding.
Keep using it if the weather is dry.
Use it only during daylight.
Ride with the visor raised.

A badly scratched or damaged visor can reduce or distort your view, especially in bright sunlight or at night. Replace a visor that no longer provides a clear, safe view and follow the helmet manufacturer's instructions.

Scratched visor on a motorcycle helmet
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you avoid if your vehicle starts to skid?

329. What should you avoid if your vehicle starts to skid?

✓ Sudden braking, acceleration, or sharp steering.
Look where you want the vehicle to go.
Stay calm and maintain control.
Use smooth steering movements.

Sudden braking, acceleration, or steering can make a skid worse. Stay calm and use smooth controls while the tyres regain grip.

Vehicle beginning to skid
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

330. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

Engine-temperature warning.
Charging-system warning.
Low coolant level.
✓ Low engine oil level.

This symbol indicates that the engine oil level is low. Check the oil level according to the manufacturer's instructions and add the correct oil if necessary.

Low oil-level warning symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Is a warning triangle required in cars in China?

331. Is a warning triangle required in cars in China?

No.
✓ Yes.

Cars in China are required to carry a warning triangle.

Warning triangle carried as vehicle safety equipment
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should cyclists cross railway or tram tracks?

332. How should cyclists cross railway or tram tracks?

Keep the wheels parallel with the rails while crossing.
✓ Cross at a safe angle, as close to perpendicular as possible.
Follow the rails briefly before crossing them.
Brake firmly while the front wheel is on the rail.

A bicycle wheel can become trapped in a rail groove. Crossing at a wider angle reduces this risk.

Cyclist crossing rails in the road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid unnecessary lane changes in roadworks?

333. Why should you avoid unnecessary lane changes in roadworks?

Lane changes are safer when traffic is moving slowly.
Drivers should always use the lane with fewer vehicles.
Temporary lanes are designed for frequent lane changes.
✓ Narrow lanes and changing layouts increase the risk of collision.

Frequent lane changes create additional risk where space is limited and drivers are already adapting to temporary layouts.

Vehicles travelling through restricted roadworks lanes
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Who is responsible for staying safe when crossing the road?

334. Who is responsible for staying safe when crossing the road?

Only pedestrians once they enter the road.
Only the road user without priority.
Only the person who creates the danger.
✓ Everyone using the road.

Road safety is a shared responsibility. Pedestrians, drivers, and cyclists all need to stay alert and follow the rules.

Pedestrians and traffic sharing a road crossing
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

335. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Automatic headlights.
Interior lighting.
Front fog lights.
✓ Instrument-panel brightness.

This control adjusts the brightness of the instrument panel and dashboard illumination, allowing the driver to reduce or increase the lighting level.

Control for adjusting instrument-panel brightness
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should an unused roof rack or roof box be removed?

336. Why should an unused roof rack or roof box be removed?

It reduces the vehicle's braking power.
It prevents the battery from charging.
✓ It can increase aerodynamic drag and energy use.
It increases tyre pressure.

An unused roof rack or roof box increases aerodynamic drag, particularly at higher speeds. Removing it when it is not needed can reduce fuel or energy consumption.

Roof rack or roof box fitted to a vehicle
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How can higher speed affect fuel or energy consumption?

337. How can higher speed affect fuel or energy consumption?

✓ It can increase consumption because air resistance rises.
It reduces aerodynamic resistance.
It always reduces consumption.
It has no effect once the vehicle is moving.

As speed increases, aerodynamic resistance generally rises, so the vehicle needs more energy to maintain that speed. Driving smoothly at an appropriate speed can therefore reduce fuel or energy consumption.

Vehicle speed and aerodynamic resistance
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid removing the coolant cap while the engine is hot?

338. Why should you avoid removing the coolant cap while the engine is hot?

✓ Pressurised hot coolant may escape and cause serious burns.
The cooling fan could stop working.
Opening it can reduce the engine oil pressure.
The thermostat may become damaged.

A hot cooling system may remain under pressure. Allow the engine to cool and follow the manufacturer's instructions before checking or adding coolant.

Coolant cap and the risk of hot pressurised coolant
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should a motorcycle helmet be worn correctly and securely fastened?

339. Why should a motorcycle helmet be worn correctly and securely fastened?

To make the motorcycle easier to balance.
To prevent the motorcycle from skidding.
✓ To reduce the risk of serious head injury in a collision.
To reduce fuel consumption at higher speeds.

A correctly fitted and securely fastened motorcycle helmet helps protect the rider's head and can reduce the risk and severity of head injury in a collision or fall.

Motorcyclist wearing a securely fastened helmet
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you be careful when turning across oncoming traffic?

340. Why should you be careful when turning across oncoming traffic?

Turning makes your vehicle take longer to accelerate.
Your steering becomes less responsive during the turn.
Oncoming vehicles need more distance to change lanes.
✓ You must judge the speed and distance of approaching vehicles.

Turning across traffic requires careful observation. Misjudging speed or distance can lead to a serious collision.

Vehicle preparing to turn across oncoming traffic
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when approaching an uncontrolled junction?

341. What should you do when approaching an uncontrolled junction?

Rely on the priority rule without reducing your speed.
✓ Slow down, look carefully in all directions, and proceed only when safe.
Enter first if you reach the junction before another vehicle.
Continue at normal speed unless another vehicle is visible.

At an uncontrolled junction, priority may not be obvious. Reduce speed, check carefully, and only enter when you are sure it is safe.

Vehicle approaching an uncontrolled junction
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when temporary traffic lights show red?

342. What should you do when temporary traffic lights show red?

Continue if the road ahead appears clear.
✓ Stop before the signal or temporary stop line.
Only permanent traffic lights are valid.
Proceed if no road workers are visible.

Temporary traffic signals must be obeyed like permanent signals. Stop and wait until you are permitted to continue.

Red signal on temporary roadworks traffic lights
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when joining a motorway from an entry lane?

343. What should you do when joining a motorway from an entry lane?

Enter at a low speed and let motorway traffic adjust.
Merge as soon as the entry lane begins.
Force your way into the nearest gap.
✓ Match your speed, check around you, and merge into a safe gap.

Use the entry lane to build a suitable speed, check carefully, signal, and merge only when it is safe.

Vehicle joining a motorway from an entry lane
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

344. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

Power-steering warning.
Engine-management warning.
Electronic stability control.
✓ Cruise control.

This symbol indicates the cruise-control system. Cruise control can maintain a selected vehicle speed without the driver continuously pressing the accelerator. The exact indicator behaviour can vary between vehicles.

Cruise-control indicator symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid resting your foot on the clutch pedal while driving?

345. Why should you avoid resting your foot on the clutch pedal while driving?

✓ It can cause unnecessary clutch wear.
It can increase tyre pressure.
It can apply the parking brake.
It can lock the steering.

Resting your foot on the clutch pedal can apply slight pressure to the clutch mechanism and cause unnecessary wear. Keep your left foot off the clutch when it is not needed.

Foot position near the clutch pedal
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does the ACC position of a traditional ignition switch normally allow?

346. What does the ACC position of a traditional ignition switch normally allow?

✓ Electrical accessories to be used without starting the engine.
The transmission to select Drive.
The starter motor to turn the engine.
The parking brake to release.

The ACC (accessory) position normally supplies power to certain electrical accessories, such as the audio system, without starting the engine. The exact functions available can vary between vehicles.

ACC accessory position on an ignition switch
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you follow the manufacturer's service schedule?

347. Why should you follow the manufacturer's service schedule?

It prevents normal wear on important vehicle components.
It guarantees that no faults will develop between services.
It allows vehicle problems to be ignored until the next service.
✓ Regular servicing can identify wear and maintain safety and reliability.

Scheduled servicing helps ensure that brakes, tyres, fluids, filters, steering, suspension, and other important systems are checked and maintained before faults become more serious.

Vehicle maintenance following a servicing schedule
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Does opening a window make an alcohol-impaired driver safe?

348. Does opening a window make an alcohol-impaired driver safe?

Yes, if you feel more awake afterwards.
Yes, because fresh air helps you sober up.
✓ No, fresh air does not remove alcohol from the body.
Yes, but only when driving slowly.

Fresh air may make someone feel more awake, but it does not reduce their alcohol concentration or restore safe driving ability.

Open car window and an alcohol-impaired driver
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if a child runs onto the road ahead?

349. What should you do if a child runs onto the road ahead?

✓ Brake firmly and be prepared to stop.
Swerve immediately into the opposite lane.
Flash your lights instead of slowing down.
Sound your horn and continue driving.

Children can act unpredictably. Brake firmly, stay alert, and be prepared for more children to follow.

Child entering the road ahead of a vehicle
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if another road user makes a mistake?

350. What should you do if another road user makes a mistake?

✓ Stay calm and avoid creating more danger.
Immediately overtake them to get past the situation.
Drive closer so they notice your presence.
Use your horn repeatedly to express your frustration.

Road users can make mistakes. Staying calm and reacting safely helps prevent crashes.

Driver responding to another road user's mistake
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA