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QuizTraffic rulesFinland

This interesting quiz helps you test your knowledge in a clear and visual way. With easy multiple-choice questions, you can quickly build confidence and learn new facts while keeping it simple, interactive, and fun.

Traffic signs
Traffic rules
Finland
True/false 17 Finland 32 Car controls 109 Dashboard lights 40 Priority rules 9 Pedestrians 19 Cyclists 20 Driving licence 40 Show all 639
What should you do if EV charging equipment becomes unusually hot or smells burnt?

151. What should you do if EV charging equipment becomes unusually hot or smells burnt?

✓ Stop the charging session, keep clear, and report the fault.
Keep charging until the vehicle reaches full charge.
Cover the equipment to contain the heat.
Continue charging at a lower power setting.

Unusual heat, a burning smell, smoke, sparks, or repeated charging faults can indicate an electrical problem. Stop using the charging equipment if it is safe to do so, keep clear of anything damaged or overheating, and report the fault or seek appropriate assistance.

Faulty electric-vehicle charging equipment
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when approaching a tunnel?

152. What should you do when approaching a tunnel?

Stop and wait until the tunnel is clear.
Increase speed to spend less time inside.
Drive closer to the vehicle ahead for guidance.
✓ Use the correct lights and keep a safe distance.

When entering a tunnel, use the correct lights, keep enough distance, and stay alert for slower traffic.

Vehicle approaching a road tunnel
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which foot should normally operate the brake and accelerator in an automatic vehicle?

153. Which foot should normally operate the brake and accelerator in an automatic vehicle?

Both feet together.
The left foot.
Either foot at the same time.
✓ The right foot.

In an automatic vehicle, the right foot should normally operate both the brake and accelerator pedals. The left foot should rest on the footrest to reduce the risk of pressing both pedals at the same time.

Right-foot control of an automatic vehicle's pedals
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if your vehicle becomes stuck on a railway crossing?

154. What should you do if your vehicle becomes stuck on a railway crossing?

Stay inside the vehicle and call for assistance.
Move everyone beside the vehicle while waiting.
✓ Get everyone out, move away, and contact the emergency services.
Walk along the tracks to look for help.

Move everyone well away from the tracks. Use the crossing emergency telephone or displayed contact information where available, or contact the emergency services immediately.

Vehicle stranded on a railway crossing
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the minimum licence for a D1 minibus towing a trailer over 750 kg?

155. What is the minimum licence for a D1 minibus towing a trailer over 750 kg?

Licence D.
Licence DE.
Licence C1E.
✓ Licence D1E.

Category D1 permits a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of up to 750 kg. A D1 vehicle towing a trailer above 750 kg requires category D1E.

Category D1 minibus towing a trailer over 750 kg
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if your vehicle begins to drift onto the shoulder?

156. What should you do if your vehicle begins to drift onto the shoulder?

Brake firmly before returning to the road.
✓ Ease off the accelerator and steer back smoothly when safe.
Keep driving on the shoulder until the road becomes wider.
Steer back onto the road as quickly as possible.

If you drift onto the shoulder, avoid sudden steering or braking. Slow gently and return to the road smoothly when it is safe.

Vehicle drifting towards the road shoulder
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should the seat-belt height be adjusted correctly?

157. Why should the seat-belt height be adjusted correctly?

✓ To position the shoulder belt correctly across the body.
To make the belt easier to unfasten.
To prevent the seat from moving.
To increase the length of the lap belt.

The seat-belt height adjustment helps position the shoulder belt correctly across the chest and shoulder. It should not run across the neck or under the arm.

Height adjustment for the shoulder section of a seat belt
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the minimum licence for a goods vehicle over 7,500 kg maximum authorised mass?

158. What is the minimum licence for a goods vehicle over 7,500 kg maximum authorised mass?

✓ Licence C.
Licence C1.
Licence B.
Licence D.

Category C1 is limited to vehicles with a maximum authorised mass not exceeding 7,500 kg. A goods vehicle above this limit requires category C.

Goods vehicle above 7,500 kg maximum authorised mass
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why is a microsleep especially dangerous while driving?

159. Why is a microsleep especially dangerous while driving?

It usually makes you drive more slowly.
It makes the steering feel heavier.
✓ You can lose awareness of the road for several seconds.
It normally happens only when the vehicle is stopped.

A microsleep is a brief, involuntary episode of sleep that can last for a few seconds. During that time, you may lose awareness of the road and travel a considerable distance without reacting to hazards.

Driver losing alertness at the wheel
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How may drivers normally use a phone while driving in Finland?

160. How may drivers normally use a phone while driving in Finland?

✓ Hands-free.
Either handheld or hands-free.
Only for texting.
Handheld.

When phone use while driving is permitted in Finland, drivers must generally use a hands-free system rather than holding the phone.

Hands-free phone use inside a vehicle
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

161. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Rear window demister.
Fan speed.
Front windscreen demister.
✓ Air conditioning.

The A/C symbol controls the vehicle's air-conditioning system. Air conditioning can cool and dehumidify the air inside the vehicle, which can also help clear mist from the windows.

Air-conditioning control with the A/C symbol
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Should passengers travel in an ordinary goods trailer?

162. Should passengers travel in an ordinary goods trailer?

Yes, if the trailer is travelling at low speed.
✓ No, passengers should travel in approved seating positions.
Only on short journeys or quiet roads.
Only when the trailer has high sides.

An ordinary goods trailer is not designed to carry passengers and normally has no suitable seats or restraint systems. Passengers should travel in seating positions designed and approved for carrying people. Special passenger-carrying trailers may be subject to different local rules.

Ordinary goods trailer and passenger safety
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you normally select before leaving an automatic vehicle parked?

163. What should you normally select before leaving an automatic vehicle parked?

✓ P (Park).
R (Reverse).
D (Drive).
N (Neutral).

Select P (Park) before leaving an automatic vehicle parked. Park locks the transmission to help prevent the vehicle from rolling; the parking brake should also be applied.

Park position on an automatic gear selector
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

164. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

✓ Power-steering warning.
Low tyre pressure.
Brake-system warning.
Charging-system warning.

This symbol indicates a possible fault with the power-steering system. Steering assistance may be reduced or unavailable, making the steering wheel harder to turn.

Power-steering warning symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

165. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Rear window demister.
✓ Seat heating.
Heated steering wheel.
Seat ventilation.

This control activates the seat heating, which warms the seat cushion and, on many vehicles, the backrest. Several heat levels may be available.

Heated-seat control and symbol
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which vehicles are covered by driving licence C1?

166. Which vehicles are covered by driving licence C1?

Goods vehicles over 7,500 kg only.
Buses carrying more than eight passengers.
Any heavy vehicle with a heavy trailer.
✓ Non-bus vehicles over 3,500 kg and up to 7,500 kg.

Category C1 covers motor vehicles, other than buses, with a maximum authorised mass above 3,500 kg and not exceeding 7,500 kg. They may carry no more than eight passengers in addition to the driver and may tow a trailer up to 750 kg.

Goods vehicle covered by category C1
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when joining a motorway from an entry lane?

167. What should you do when joining a motorway from an entry lane?

Enter at a low speed and let motorway traffic adjust.
Merge as soon as the entry lane begins.
✓ Match your speed, check around you, and merge into a safe gap.
Stop at the end of the entry lane and wait for a large gap.

Use the entry lane to build a suitable speed, check carefully, signal, and merge only when it is safe.

Vehicle joining a motorway from an entry lane
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you never leave a petrol or diesel engine running in an enclosed space?

168. Why should you never leave a petrol or diesel engine running in an enclosed space?

The tyres can lose pressure more quickly.
The cooling system can stop working.
The battery can become overcharged.
✓ Dangerous carbon monoxide can build up.

Exhaust gases from petrol and diesel engines can contain carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas that can build up quickly in an enclosed or poorly ventilated space. Never leave the engine running inside a closed garage or similar area.

Running vehicle engine in an enclosed space
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does the intermittent wiper interval control adjust?

169. What does the intermittent wiper interval control adjust?

✓ The time between wiper sweeps.
The speed of the rear wiper.
The brightness of the dashboard.
The amount of washer fluid sprayed.

The intermittent wiper interval control adjusts the time between windscreen-wiper sweeps, allowing the driver to match the wiping frequency to light rain or spray.

Interval adjustment for intermittent windscreen wiping
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid removing the coolant cap while the engine is hot?

170. Why should you avoid removing the coolant cap while the engine is hot?

The thermostat may become damaged.
The cooling fan could stop working.
The coolant level may become harder to read.
✓ Pressurised hot coolant may escape and cause serious burns.

A hot cooling system may remain under pressure. Allow the engine to cool and follow the manufacturer's instructions before checking or adding coolant.

Coolant cap and the risk of hot pressurised coolant
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if your vehicle catches fire?

171. What should you do if your vehicle catches fire?

Keep driving slowly until you find a safer place to stop.
✓ Stop, switch off the engine, evacuate everyone, and call the emergency services.
Stay inside the vehicle while waiting for assistance.
Open the bonnet fully to find where the fire started.

Move everyone well away from the vehicle and call emergency services. If the fire is small and it is safe to do so, use a suitable fire extinguisher. Opening the bonnet fully can supply additional oxygen and cause the fire to intensify.

Vehicle with a fire breaking out
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the minimum licence for a D bus towing a trailer over 750 kg?

172. What is the minimum licence for a D bus towing a trailer over 750 kg?

✓ Licence DE.
Licence CE.
Licence BE.
Licence D.

Category D permits a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of up to 750 kg. A category D vehicle towing a trailer above 750 kg requires category DE.

Category D bus towing a trailer over 750 kg
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you adjust the seat and mirrors correctly before driving?

173. Why should you adjust the seat and mirrors correctly before driving?

To reduce the vehicle's stopping distance.
To make blind spots disappear completely.
To improve the grip of the tyres.
✓ To maintain good control and a clear view around the vehicle.

A correct driving position helps you operate the pedals and steering comfortably and maintain proper control. Correctly adjusted mirrors improve your view around the vehicle and help reduce blind spots. Adjust both before starting your journey.

Adjusting the driving position and mirrors before a journey
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should a motorcycle helmet be worn correctly and securely fastened?

174. Why should a motorcycle helmet be worn correctly and securely fastened?

To prevent the motorcycle from skidding.
✓ To reduce the risk of serious head injury in a collision.
To make the motorcycle easier to balance.
To reduce fuel consumption at higher speeds.

A correctly fitted and securely fastened motorcycle helmet helps protect the rider's head and can reduce the risk and severity of head injury in a collision or fall.

Motorcyclist wearing a securely fastened helmet
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do before opening your car door near traffic?

175. What should you do before opening your car door near traffic?

Open the door slowly and expect traffic to avoid you.
Signal before opening the door without checking behind.
✓ Check for cyclists, pedestrians, and vehicles.
Check only the mirror before opening the door.

Before opening a car door, check carefully for cyclists, pedestrians, and vehicles to avoid causing a collision.

Checking for passing road users before opening a car door
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid sudden steering movements on snow or ice?

176. Why should you avoid sudden steering movements on snow or ice?

They make the tyres wear more quickly.
✓ They can cause the tyres to lose grip and the vehicle to skid.
They make the steering wheel harder to turn.
They increase fuel consumption.

Abrupt steering can overwhelm the limited grip available on a slippery surface. Steering smoothly helps keep the vehicle stable.

Steering a vehicle on a snowy road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do before using a pedestrian crossing?

177. What should you do before using a pedestrian crossing?

Check only the lane nearest to you before crossing.
Cross once a driver makes eye contact with you.
✓ Make sure it is safe to cross.
Rely on the crossing markings to make every vehicle stop.

Even at a pedestrian crossing, make sure approaching drivers have seen you and are able to stop before you cross.

Pedestrian checking traffic before using a crossing
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if your headlights fail while driving at night?

178. What should you do if your headlights fail while driving at night?

Stop immediately in the traffic lane.
Follow another vehicle closely for visibility.
Use hazard lights and continue to your destination.
✓ Reduce speed and stop safely using any remaining lights or hazard lights.

Without effective headlights, you may not see hazards and other road users may not see you. Stop in a safe location as soon as possible.

Vehicle with failed headlights at night
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you use your indicator before turning?

179. Why should you use your indicator before turning?

To give yourself priority over other traffic.
To replace checking mirrors and blind spots.
✓ To show other road users what you plan to do.
To make other road users stop for you.

Indicators help other drivers, cyclists, and pedestrians understand your intentions in time.

Vehicle indicator signalling an intended turn
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid using a phone while driving?

180. Why should you avoid using a phone while driving?

Because it can cause road rage.
✓ Because it distracts you from the road.
Because phone signals can interfere with vehicle electronics.
Because it can make your reactions faster.

Using a phone while driving reduces attention, reaction time, and control of the vehicle. A hands-free system may reduce the need to handle the phone, but the conversation itself can still be distracting.

Phone distracting a driver from the road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which foot normally operates the brake and accelerator in a manual vehicle?

181. Which foot normally operates the brake and accelerator in a manual vehicle?

Either foot.
✓ The right foot.
The left foot for the brake and right foot for the accelerator.
The left foot.

In a manual vehicle, the right foot normally operates both the brake and accelerator pedals, while the left foot operates the clutch.

Pedal arrangement and foot controls in a manual vehicle
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should the driver's floor mat be properly secured?

182. Why should the driver's floor mat be properly secured?

It could reduce the effectiveness of the airbags.
It could cause the tyres to lose pressure.
It could prevent the seat belt from locking.
✓ It could slide forwards and interfere with the pedals.

A loose or incorrectly fitted floor mat can move into the pedal area and interfere with the accelerator, brake, or clutch. Make sure the driver's floor mat is correctly fitted, secured, and does not obstruct any pedal.

Driver's floor mat near the pedals
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when passing a horse rider?

183. What should you do when passing a horse rider?

Sound your horn so the rider knows you are passing.
✓ Slow down and give plenty of space.
Flash your headlights before moving alongside.
Accelerate while passing to get past quickly.

Horses can be startled by noise or sudden movement. Slow down, pass carefully, and leave enough space.

Vehicle passing a horse and rider
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

184. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Child safety lock.
Central door locking.
Mirror adjustment.
✓ Electric window control.

This control operates the vehicle's electric windows. Pressing or pulling the switch lowers or raises the corresponding window.

Switch for operating an electric window
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control button operate?

185. What does this vehicle-control button operate?

✓ The engine or drive system.
The hazard warning lights.
The central locking system.
The automatic start-stop system.

The engine start/stop button is used to start or switch off the vehicle's engine or electric drive system. Starting the vehicle normally also requires the brake or clutch pedal to be pressed.

Engine start/stop button in a vehicle
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when entering a roundabout?

186. What should you do when entering a roundabout?

Stop and wait until the roundabout is completely empty.
Enter if there is space, even if other traffic must slow down.
✓ Slow down, give way when required, and enter only when safe.
Enter if another driver appears to be slowing down.

When approaching a roundabout, reduce your speed, observe traffic, follow the signs and local priority rules, and enter only when it is safe.

Vehicle at a roundabout entrance
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
When should you use rear fog lights?

187. When should you use rear fog lights?

When visibility is slightly reduced.
When another vehicle is following closely.
✓ When visibility is seriously reduced by fog or similar conditions.
When driving on an unlit road.

Rear fog lights are very bright and should only be used when visibility is poor enough to require them.

Rear fog lights used in severely reduced visibility
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you check before starting a bicycle journey?

188. What should you check before starting a bicycle journey?

Only the brakes if the journey is short.
The lights, but not the steering or brakes.
Nothing if the bicycle worked properly yesterday.
✓ The brakes, tyres, lights, and steering.

A basic safety check can reveal problems with the brakes, tyres, lights, or steering before they cause an accident.

Checking a bicycle before a journey
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you be careful when driving beside a bus at a stop?

189. Why should you be careful when driving beside a bus at a stop?

✓ Passengers may step out or cross near the bus.
Bus stops usually have a lower speed limit.
Vehicles beside a bus must always stop and wait.
The road surface is usually more slippery near bus stops.

Stopped buses can hide pedestrians, and passengers may cross unexpectedly. Slow down and be ready to react.

Vehicle passing a bus at a stop
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you check your mirrors regularly while driving?

190. Why should you check your mirrors regularly while driving?

To avoid having to check your blind spots.
To judge your speed from vehicles behind.
✓ To stay aware of traffic around you.
To check whether passengers are comfortable.

Regular mirror checks help you understand what is happening behind and beside your vehicle.

Driver checking traffic in a rear-view mirror
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you leave extra space when passing cyclists in strong winds?

191. Why should you leave extra space when passing cyclists in strong winds?

Wind increases the pressure in bicycle tyres.
✓ They may be blown sideways unexpectedly.
Cyclists must stop when a vehicle passes them.
Strong wind makes bicycle brakes less effective.

Strong gusts can affect cyclists' balance and direction. Extra passing space reduces the risk of a collision.

Vehicle passing a cyclist in windy conditions
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

192. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Automatic headlights.
Interior lighting.
Front fog lights.
✓ Instrument-panel brightness.

This control adjusts the brightness of the instrument panel and dashboard illumination, allowing the driver to reduce or increase the lighting level.

Control for adjusting instrument-panel brightness
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do with the parking brake before leaving a parked vehicle?

193. What should you do with the parking brake before leaving a parked vehicle?

✓ Apply it securely.
Apply it only on a slope.
Release it completely.
Leave it partly applied.

Before leaving a parked vehicle, apply the parking brake securely to help prevent unintended movement. Also select the appropriate gear or transmission position for parking.

Securing a parked vehicle with the parking brake
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you avoid if your vehicle loses grip on a wet road?

194. What should you avoid if your vehicle loses grip on a wet road?

Keeping your movements smooth and controlled.
Looking ahead and staying alert.
✓ Sudden braking or sharp steering.
Easing off the accelerator gradually.

Abrupt inputs can upset the vehicle further. Smooth control gives the tyres a better chance to regain grip.

Vehicle losing grip on a wet road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you leave a safe following distance inside a tunnel?

195. Why should you leave a safe following distance inside a tunnel?

Because vehicles ahead cannot see you in their mirrors.
Because tunnels usually have a poor road surface.
✓ You need enough space to react if traffic slows or stops.
To make it easier for other vehicles to overtake.

Limited space and visibility can make incidents inside tunnels especially dangerous. A safe gap gives you more time to react.

Gap between vehicles travelling through a tunnel
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when meeting another vehicle on a narrow mountain road?

196. What should you do when meeting another vehicle on a narrow mountain road?

✓ Slow down and use a safe passing place if necessary.
Maintain speed and pass as closely as possible.
Drive onto the roadside without checking the surface.
Move toward the centre so the other driver gives way.

Narrow mountain roads may not provide enough space for two vehicles. Reduce speed and cooperate to pass safely.

Vehicles meeting on a narrow mountain road
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if a friend who has been drinking wants to drive?

197. What should you do if a friend who has been drinking wants to drive?

Follow them home in another vehicle.
✓ Encourage them not to drive and arrange safe transport.
Give them coffee and wait a short while.
Let them drive if they say they feel sober.

Preventing an impaired person from driving can protect them, their passengers, and other road users. Arrange a sober driver, taxi, public transport, or accommodation.

Friends discussing safe transport after drinking
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you take extra care if oil or diesel is spilled on the road?

198. Why should you take extra care if oil or diesel is spilled on the road?

It can make the road surface much softer.
✓ It can make the road extremely slippery.
It can make the brakes overheat.
It can increase tyre pressure.

Oil, diesel and other fluids can create a very slippery road surface, particularly for motorcycles and bicycles. Reduce speed, avoid sudden braking or steering and keep the vehicle as stable as possible when crossing a contaminated area.

Oil or diesel spilled on a road surface
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if an animal is standing on the road at night?

199. What should you do if an animal is standing on the road at night?

Sound your horn and continue at the same speed.
✓ Slow down and be prepared to stop.
Flash your headlights repeatedly to make it move.
Drive around it immediately without slowing down.

Animals may freeze, turn back, or move unpredictably when caught in vehicle headlights.

Animal standing on a road at night
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should loose items inside a vehicle be secured?

200. Why should loose items inside a vehicle be secured?

They can reduce tyre pressure while driving.
✓ They can become dangerous projectiles during sudden braking or a collision.
They can interfere with the vehicle's exterior lights.
They can increase the vehicle's fuel consumption.

Loose objects can move or be thrown forwards during sudden braking or a collision. Secure luggage and other items so they cannot injure occupants or interfere with the driver or vehicle controls.

Loose luggage and objects inside a vehicle
AI-generated by Rijbewijs-online.be • WCIT • CC BY-SA