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A driving licence is an official authorisation to drive specified categories of motor vehicle.

The terms may refer to the same document, depending on the country. Some countries use permit specifically for learners or temporary authorisations.

A provisional or learner licence allows a person to practise driving under specified restrictions before obtaining a full licence.

A full licence is issued after the holder has completed the required tests or training. Restrictions may still apply because of age, vehicle type, medical fitness or licence codes.

No. Driving licences are divided into categories for motorcycles, cars, buses, trucks, trailers and other vehicles.

A licence category identifies the type and size of vehicle the holder is authorised to drive.

Yes. Holding a licence for one category does not normally authorise driving a vehicle belonging to another category.

Yes. Codes may restrict the holder to an automatic transmission, corrective lenses, an adapted vehicle or another specified condition.

In some countries, passing the test in an automatic vehicle restricts the holder to automatic vehicles until an additional test or procedure is completed.

Usually, yes. The document, individual categories or medical authorisation may have expiry dates and require renewal.

No. The licence and the category required for the vehicle must remain valid.

This depends on local law. Many countries require drivers to carry the original licence and present it to an authorised officer when requested.

Not normally. A photograph, scan or photocopy is not generally a substitute for the original document unless an official digital-licence system is legally recognised.

No. It proves driving authorisation, not ownership, registration or insurance.

Requirements may include a theory test, eyesight test, practical driving test, medical examination or compulsory training.

No. Minimum ages differ between countries and vehicle categories.

Only where the provisional-licence system permits independent driving. Other learners must be accompanied by an approved supervisor or instructor.

Often not. Provisional and learner licences are frequently valid only in the country or region that issued them.

An international driving permit is a standardised translation of a valid national licence intended to help authorities interpret it abroad.

No. It normally has legal value only when presented together with the valid national driving licence on which it is based.

This depends on the destination, length of stay, residence status and agreements between the countries concerned. An exchange or international permit may be required.

Some countries exchange recognised foreign licences without new tests, while others require theory, practical or medical examinations.

Yes. A medical condition may require an assessment, shorter validity period, adapted vehicle or licence restriction.

This depends on local law. Drivers remain responsible for ensuring that they are physically and mentally fit to drive safely.

Often, yes. Drivers of trucks, buses, taxis or vehicles used commercially may require professional competence, medical examinations or periodic training.

The holder may not drive during the suspension period, even if the physical document remains in their possession.

Disqualification is a legal prohibition on driving, usually imposed by a court or competent authority for a specified period or until conditions are fulfilled.

Report it where required and apply for a replacement through the competent licensing authority. Do not continue driving when local law requires the original document to be carried.

Request a replacement when the document is unreadable, damaged or no longer allows the holder to be identified reliably.

This depends on the country and whether the address appears on the licence. Drivers must follow the local notification and replacement procedure.