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Turn on red means that a road user may proceed in a specified turning direction despite a red traffic light when local law or a specific sign or signal permits it.

No. Some countries permit certain turns on red, while others prohibit them unless a special sign or signal provides an exception.

This depends on the local traffic rules. In some jurisdictions a complete stop is required before turning, while other systems use a give-way rule or a separate signal that permits the movement.

Usually no. A road user permitted to proceed against a red light generally has to give way to traffic, pedestrians and cyclists who are lawfully moving through the intersection.

Yes. Drivers must check pedestrian crossings carefully and give way where required before making the permitted turn.

Yes. Some countries use special signs or bicycle signals that allow cyclists to turn or continue in a specified direction while the main traffic light remains red.

Where the local signal system provides this arrangement, a green arrow may permit movement only in the direction indicated even though the main signal remains red. Applicable give-way rules must still be followed.

Yes. In countries where turning on red is normally permitted, a specific sign may prohibit the manoeuvre at particular intersections.

This depends entirely on the country and road layout. Some jurisdictions permit particular left turns on red, while many do not. Never assume that a rule allowing a right turn also permits a left turn.

Remain stopped until a signal clearly permits you to proceed. Never pass a red light based only on what is permitted in another country.