AduanaEslovenia

Aprende normas de tráfico con explicaciones claras y ejemplos visuales en nuestro libro ilustrado, diseñado para que estudiar sea sencillo y ameno.


9. Aduana

La aduana es el sistema de control aplicado cuando personas, vehículos o mercancías cruzan determinadas fronteras. Los funcionarios de aduanas pueden comprobar documentos, mercancías, equipaje, vehículos y el cumplimiento de normas sobre importación, exportación, impuestos y artículos restringidos.

Los conductores deben utilizar el canal o carril correcto, declarar las mercancías cuando sea obligatorio y seguir las instrucciones de los funcionarios. Los requisitos aduaneros dependen de los países implicados y del tipo de viaje o mercancía transportada.

Aduana
What is customs?

Customs is the government service that controls goods entering or leaving a country or customs territory, collects applicable duties and taxes, and enforces restrictions on prohibited or regulated goods.

What is a customs checkpoint?

A customs checkpoint is a control point where drivers and passengers may be required to stop, declare goods and present documents. Vehicles, luggage and cargo may be inspected in accordance with local law.

How can you recognise a customs checkpoint?

It may be indicated by signs displaying words such as Customs, Douane, Zoll or another local-language equivalent. Barriers, traffic lights, lane arrows and instructions from officers may also control access.

Must you stop at a customs sign?

Yes, when the sign or officer requires it. Reduce speed, enter the indicated lane and stop at the line, barrier or place shown.

Is customs the same as passport control?

No. Customs primarily controls goods, money and cargo. Passport or immigration control concerns people, identity documents and permission to enter or leave a territory. Both controls may take place at the same border facility.

Is a customs border always the same as a national border?

No. Several countries may form a customs union with no routine customs formalities between them. Some territories may also have a different customs status from the country to which they belong.

Does every border have a permanent customs checkpoint?

No. Some borders have permanent facilities, while others have mobile, temporary or selective controls. Borders within a customs union may have no routine customs checkpoint.

Can customs checks take place away from a border?

Yes. Depending on local law, checks may occur at ports, ferry terminals, airports, warehouses, inspection areas or inland road-control locations.

What should you do when approaching customs?

Reduce speed, observe the lane signs and be prepared to stop. Keep the required identification, vehicle, travel and goods documents accessible and follow the officers’ instructions.

Which documents may customs request?

Customs may request identification, vehicle documents, receipts, invoices, transport papers, customs declarations, permits or proof of ownership, depending on the journey and goods carried.

Which goods must be declared?

Goods exceeding duty-free allowances, commercial goods and certain restricted products may require a declaration. The applicable rules depend on the customs territory, journey, quantity, value and intended use.

What do red and green customs channels mean?

Where these channels are used, the red channel is generally for travellers who have goods to declare or need assistance. The green channel is for travellers who believe they have nothing that must be declared. Using the green channel does not prevent an inspection.

Can customs inspect your vehicle or luggage?

Yes, subject to local law. Officers may examine luggage, cargo spaces, vehicle compartments and accompanying documents to verify that customs rules are being followed.

Does duty-free mean that goods never need to be declared?

No. Duty-free allowances normally apply only within specified values, quantities and conditions. Restricted goods or quantities exceeding an allowance may still require declaration and payment.

Must cash be declared?

Many countries require travellers carrying cash or other monetary instruments above a specified amount to make a declaration. The threshold, definition of cash and procedure differ between customs territories.

Do personal belongings count as imported goods?

Ordinary personal belongings used during a journey are often admitted without duties, but newly purchased, high-value, commercial or restricted goods may be subject to special requirements.

What rules apply to commercial cargo?

Commercial goods normally require customs documentation and may be subject to duties, taxes, inspections, permits, origin rules and transit procedures. The driver must carry the documents required for the shipment.

What are restricted goods?

Restricted goods may include certain foods, plants, animals, medicines, weapons, cultural objects, protected species, counterfeit products and hazardous materials. Requirements vary by country.

What happens if goods are not declared?

Undeclared goods may be detained or seized, and the traveller may have to pay duties, taxes, fines or other penalties. Serious cases may lead to criminal proceedings.

Whose instructions should you follow at a customs checkpoint?

Follow the instructions of authorised customs, police and border officers, together with traffic lights, barriers, lane signals and road signs.

1 Eslovenia 2 Autopista 3 Zona 4 Límite de velocidad 5 Carril bici 6 Túnel 7 Zona peatonal 8 Resalto 9 Aduana 10 Sentido único 11 Pendiente 12 Carril bus 13 Calle sin salida 14 Señal de STOP 15 Glorieta 16 Vía con prioridad 17 Estrechamiento de calzada 18 Paso de peatones 19 Paso a nivel 20 Dirección obligatoria 21 Zona escolar 22 Cruce de animales 23 Desprendimiento de rocas 24 Panel direccional 25 Circulación en sentido contrario 26 Obras 27 Límite de altura 28 Límite de peso 29 Semáforos 30 Semáforos peatonales 31 Espejo de tráfico 32 Frontera internacional 33 Ruta ciclista 34 Estacionamiento 35 Prohibido parar 36 Disco de estacionamiento 37 Marcha atrás 38 Salida de emergencia 39 Límite de población 40 Matrícula 41 Estación de carga 42 Peligros 43 Depresión 44 Peatón 45 Ciclista 46 Camión 47 Autobús 48 Policía 49 Ambulancia 50 Taxi 51 Norma europea de emisiones 52 Bache 53 Camino 54 Partículas 55 Contaminación del aire 56 Hora punta 57 Código de circulación 58 Canaleta de la calle 59 Bicicleta de carga 60 Vehículo forestal 61 Vehículo de construcción 62 Camión articulado 63 Trolebús 64 Speed pedelec 65 Vehículo de reparto 66 Motor al ralentí 67 Grúa 68 Tracción a las cuatro ruedas 69 Prohibido el paso de vehículos 70 Bicicleta 71 Equipamiento de motocicleta 72 Vía férrea 73 Caravana 74 Remolque 75 Enganche de remolque 76 Camión de bomberos 77 Sirena 78 Convoy 79 Luces de vehículos de emergencia 80 Maquinaria agrícola 81 Bicicleta eléctrica 82 Vehículo eléctrico 83 Pedelec 84 Cuadriciclo 85 Microcoche 86 Vehículo todoterreno 87 Furgoneta 88 Vehículo recreativo 89 Scooter 90 Trikke 91 Vehículo de movilidad personal 92 Monopatín 93 Segway 94 Patinete 95 Patines 96 Cartero 97 Autoestopista 98 Niño pequeño 99 Niño 100 Discapacidad ...