Air pollutionPeru

An introduction to the traffic rules and road signs of Peru. Learn about driving, road safety and much more in our illustrated book, with answers to frequently asked questions.

For informational purposes only. Always follow official regulations. Some content and images were created with AI assistance.

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Traffic rules

Peru

13. Air pollution

Air pollution is the presence of gases, particles or other substances in the air at concentrations that can harm human health, the environment or ecosystems. Road traffic contributes to air pollution through exhaust emissions and through non-exhaust sources such as brake wear, tyre wear and road dust.

Important traffic-related pollutants include nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. Some pollutants are emitted directly by vehicles, while others can form in the atmosphere through chemical reactions. Vehicle-emission standards, cleaner technologies and traffic-management measures are used to reduce these emissions.

Black smoke emitted from a vehicle exhaust on a road in Kamonyi District. (Rwanda)
Wikimedia.org • Emmanuelkwizera • CC BY-SA

What is air pollution?

Air pollution is the presence of harmful gases, particles or other contaminants in the air. Road transport can contribute through engine emissions, vehicle wear and dust; the sources and pollutants differ by vehicle and conditions.

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, smog and vehicle emissions

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, Particulate Matter Basics

🔗 fhwa.dot.gov • US FHWA, particulate matter and road-transport sources

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, AP-42 section 13.2.1.1, paved-road emissions and dust resuspension

How does road traffic cause air pollution?

Vehicles with combustion engines can emit exhaust pollutants. Road traffic also produces particles through brake, tyre and road-surface wear and can stir up road dust. Vehicles without tailpipe emissions can still contribute to these non-exhaust sources.

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, smog and vehicle emissions

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, Particulate Matter Basics

🔗 fhwa.dot.gov • US FHWA, particulate matter and road-transport sources

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, AP-42 section 13.2.1.1, paved-road emissions and dust resuspension

Which air pollutants are associated with road traffic?

Important traffic-related pollutants include nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. Their relative importance depends on the vehicle, fuel and driving conditions.

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, smog and vehicle emissions

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, Particulate Matter Basics

🔗 fhwa.dot.gov • US FHWA, particulate matter and road-transport sources

🔗 epa.gov • US EPA, AP-42 section 13.2.1.1, paved-road emissions and dust resuspension

Particulates

Rush hour

1 Peru 2 Bike path 3 Toll road 4 Driving licence 5 Reversing 6 Licence plate 7 Bus 8 Police 9 Ambulance 10 Pothole 11 Path 12 Particulates 13 Air pollution 14 Rush hour 15 Road code 16 Street gutter 17 Cargo bike 18 Forestry vehicle 19 Construction vehicle 20 Semi-trailer truck 21 Trolleybus 22 Speed pedelec 23 Delivery vehicle 24 Idling 25 Tow truck 26 Four-wheel drive 27 Bicycle 28 Motorcycle equipment 29 Rail track 30 Caravan 31 Trailer 32 Tow hitch 33 Fire truck 34 Siren 35 Convoy 36 Emergency vehicle lighting 37 Agricultural machinery 38 Electric bicycle 39 Electric vehicle 40 Pedelec 41 Quadricycle 42 Microcar 43 All-terrain vehicle 44 Van 45 Recreational vehicle 46 Scooter 47 Trikke 48 Personal mobility device 49 Skateboard 50 Segway 51 Kick scooter 52 Roller skates 53 Mailman 54 Hitchhiker 55 Toddler 56 Child 57 Disability 58 Motorail 59 km/h 60 mph 61 Speedometer 62 Ride height 63 Dirt road 64 Driving 65 Start-stop system 66 Manual transmission 67 Automatic transmission 68 Throttle 69 Tachometer 70 Steering wheel 71 Power steering 72 Visual scanning 73 Mirror 74 Fuel 75 Fuel gauge 76 Petrol 77 Diesel 78 Diesel exhaust fluid 79 Car insurance 80 First aid kit 81 Fire extinguisher 82 High-visibility clothing 83 First aid 84 Concrete step barrier 85 Barriers 86 Vehicle lights 87 Street lights 88 Dipped beam 89 High beam 90 Fog lights 91 Front fog lights 92 Rear fog lights 93 Side lights 94 Turn signals 95 Hazard lights 96 Dashboard lights 97 Bicycle lighting 98 Bicycle bell 99 Headlight flashing 100 Seat belt ...