Electric bicycleNetherlands

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Netherlands

94. Electric bicycle

An electric bicycle, or e-bike, is a bicycle equipped with an electric motor that assists the rider while travelling. Most electric bicycles use pedal assistance, meaning that the motor provides additional power while the rider pedals.

The legal classification of an electric bicycle depends on factors such as the motor power, maximum assistance speed and whether the motor can propel the bicycle without pedalling. Faster or more powerful electric bicycles may be classified as mopeds or another type of motor vehicle and can therefore be subject to different licence, helmet, registration and insurance requirements.

Sigo electric cargo-bike sharing station on Wönnichstraße. (Berlin, Germany)
Wikimedia.org • Singlespeedfahrer • CC0

What is an electric bicycle?

An electric bicycle is a bicycle equipped with an electric motor that provides assistance to the rider.

What is pedal assistance?

Pedal assistance means that the electric motor provides power while the rider pedals. The assistance normally decreases or stops when a specified speed is reached.

Is an electric bicycle still a bicycle?

It can be. Electric bicycles that remain within the applicable motor-power and assistance-speed limits are commonly treated as bicycles. Faster or more powerful models may belong to another vehicle category.

How fast can an electric bicycle assist the rider?

The permitted assistance speed depends on the vehicle category and local law. Ordinary pedal-assisted bicycles commonly stop providing motor assistance at approximately 25 km/h.

Can you ride an electric bicycle faster than the assistance limit?

Yes, by your own effort where otherwise permitted. The assistance limit normally determines when the motor stops helping; it does not necessarily prevent the bicycle itself from travelling faster downhill or through pedalling.

Do you need a driving licence for an electric bicycle?

This depends on its legal classification. Ordinary low-power pedal-assisted bicycles commonly require no driving licence, while faster electric bicycles may require a moped or another licence.

Does an electric bicycle need a licence plate?

Ordinary pedal-assisted bicycles generally do not require registration, but high-speed electric bicycles may require registration and a licence plate.

Is a helmet compulsory on an electric bicycle?

Helmet requirements depend on the country and vehicle category. Ordinary e-bikes may follow normal bicycle helmet rules, while faster electric bicycles can have specific compulsory helmet requirements.

Can an electric bicycle use a cycle path?

Ordinary electric bicycles generally follow the same cycle-path rules as conventional bicycles. Different rules can apply to faster or more powerful electric bicycles.

Does an electric bicycle need insurance?

This depends on the vehicle's technical characteristics and local law. Ordinary pedal-assisted bicycles commonly do not require motor-vehicle insurance, while vehicles capable of greater independent motor propulsion may be subject to insurance requirements.

Can you ride an electric bicycle when the battery is empty?

Usually yes. Most electric bicycles can still be pedalled like conventional bicycles when the motor is switched off or the battery is depleted, although their additional weight may make pedalling harder.

Can an electric bicycle carry passengers or goods?

Yes, when the bicycle is designed and legally equipped for them. Passenger seats, cargo areas, child restraints and trailers must satisfy the applicable safety and traffic rules.

Agricultural machinery

Electric vehicle

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